Effect of dietary nitrate on human muscle power: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis
Coggan AR, Baranauskas MN, Hinrichs RJ, Liu Z, Carter SJ
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 37 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institute on Aging
- Government
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Government
- national institute on aging
- Government
- NCATS NIH HHS
- Government
- national center for advancing translational sciences
- Government
- NIA NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002529); National Institute on Aging (AG053606); National Institute on Aging (R21 AG053606)
Based on 6 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2021-01-02 · J Int Soc Sports Nutr · vol. 18 · issue 1 · p. 66
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 44 citations · more than 94% of similar papers · 3.6× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 71 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology · Muscle metabolism and nutrition · Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- Meta-analysis, Medicine, Confidence interval, Random effects model, Context (archaeology), MEDLINE, Sample size determination, Placebo, Physical therapy, Sports medicine, Crossover study, Randomized controlled trial, Scopus, Systematic review, Internal medicine, Statistics, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Mathematics
- MeSH
- humans, nitrates, double-blind method, dietary supplements, muscle strength, randomized controlled trials as topic, athletic performance
5 authors
From US
- Andrew R. Coggan · correspondingUniversity of Indianapolis; Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
- Marissa N. BaranauskasIndiana University Bloomington
- Rachel HinrichsUniversity of Indianapolis; Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
- Ziyue LiuUniversity of Indianapolis; Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
- Stephen J. CarterIndiana University Health; University of Indianapolis; Indiana University Bloomington; Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
Abstract
Background
Previous narrative reviews have concluded that dietary nitrate (NO3-) improves maximal neuromuscular power in humans. This conclusion, however, was based on a limited number of studies, and no attempt has been made to quantify the exact magnitude of this beneficial effect. Such information would help ensure adequate statistical power in future studies and could help place the effects of dietary NO3- on various aspects of exercise performance (i.e., endurance vs. strength vs. power) in better context. We therefore undertook a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to quantify the effects of NO3- supplementation on human muscle power.
Methods
The literature was searched using a strategy developed by a health sciences librarian. Data sources included Medline Ovid, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov , and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design to measure the effects of dietary NO3- on maximal power during exercise in the non-fatigued state and the within-subject correlation could be determined from data in the published manuscript or obtained from the authors.
Results
Nineteen studies of a total of 268 participants (218 men, 50 women) met the criteria for inclusion. The overall effect size (ES; Hedge's g) calculated using a fixed effects model was 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29, 0.56; p = 6.310 × 10- 11). There was limited heterogeneity between studies (i.e., I2 = 22.79%, H2 = 1.30, p = 0.3460). The ES estimated using a random effects model was therefore similar (i.e., 0.45, 95% CI 0.30, 0.61; p = 1.064 × 10- 9). Sub-group analyses revealed no significant differences due to subject age, sex, or test modality (i.e., small vs. large muscle mass exercise). However, the ES in studies using an acute dose (i.e., 0.54, 95% CI 0.37, 0.71; p = 6.774 × 10- 12) was greater (p = 0.0211) than in studies using a multiple dose regimen (i.e., 0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.43; p = 0.003630).
Conclusions
Acute or chronic dietary NO3- intake significantly increases maximal muscle power in humans. The magnitude of this effect-on average, ~ 5%-is likely to be of considerable practical and clinical importance.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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