Whole grain intake, compared to refined grain, improves postprandial glycemia and insulinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Sanders LM, Zhu Y, Wilcox ML, Koecher K, Maki KC
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 27 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2021-12-20 · Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr · vol. 63 · issue 21 · pp. 5339–5357
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Cited
- 42 citations · more than 75% of similar papers · 1.1× the field average
- References
- 104 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- Postprandial, Medicine, Glycemic, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Type 2 diabetes, Glycated hemoglobin, Insulin, Randomized controlled trial, Meta-analysis, Diabetes mellitus, Endocrinology, Glycemic index
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, insulin resistance, insulin, blood glucose, adult, randomized controlled trials as topic, edible grain, whole grains, glycated hemoglobin
5 authors
From US
- Lisa Sanders
- Yong ZhuGeneral Mills (United States)
- Meredith Leigh Wilcox
- Katie J. KoecherGeneral Mills (United States)
- Kevin Carl Maki · correspondingIndiana University Bloomington
Abstract
Whole grain (WG) intake has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may protect against T2D by lowering postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and improving insulin sensitivity. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of WG intake, compared to refined grain (RG) intake, on postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and markers of glycemic control and insulin resistance in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults. A search of PubMed and Scopus yielded 80 relevant RCTs. Compared to RG, WG intake significantly reduced postprandial glycemia (SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.43, -0.18; P < 0.001), insulinemia (SMD: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.10; P < 0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (SMD: -0.21; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.06; P = 0.007). There was no effect of WG on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). These results suggest WG foods improve short-term glycemia and insulinemia, which may improve HbA1c, a marker of long-term glycemic control. This may partially explain the inverse association between WG intake and risk of T2D, but further investigations are needed to understand if short-term reductions in glycemia translate to longer term benefits in reducing the risk of T2D.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO Registration CRD42020180069.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2017838.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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