Dietary nitrate intake and vegetable consumption, ambient particulate matter, and risk of hypertension in the Nurses' Health study
Li X, Zhang W, Laden F, Curhan GC, Rimm EB, Guo X, Hart JE, Wu S
Environment international · 13 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation
- Government
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Government
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Government
- NHLBI NIH HHS
- Government
- NCI NIH HHS
- Government
- NIEHS NIH HHS
- Grants
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0211601); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL034594); National Natural Science Foundation of China (7192098); National Cancer Institute (UM1 CA186107); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073509); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES017017); National Natural Science Foundation of China (2017YFC0211601); National Institutes of Health (U01 HL145385); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30-ES-000002); National Key Research and Development Program of China (82073509); Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7192098); National Natural Science Foundation of China (2017YFC0211600); National Key Research and Development Program of China (7192098); National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0211600); National Institutes of Health (ES 000002); National Institutes of Health (R01 HL034594); National Institutes of Health (P30-ES-000002); National Institutes of Health (HL034594); National Institutes of Health (R01 UM1 CA186107); National Institutes of Health (UM1‐CA‐186107); National Institutes of Health (CA186107); National Institutes of Health (R01 ES017017)
Based on 10 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2022-01-20 · Environ Int · vol. 161 · p. 107100
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Cited
- 22 citations · more than 85% of similar papers · 1.9× the field average
- References
- 57 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY-NC-ND
- Research areas
- Sodium Intake and Health · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- Medicine, Hazard ratio, Confounding, Nitrate, Particulates, Proportional hazards model, Environmental health, Confidence interval, Animal science, Toxicology, Internal medicine, Chemistry, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, vegetables, hypertension, nitrates, air pollutants, incidence, air pollution, environmental exposure, female, particulate matter
8 authors
From CN, US
- Xianggui LiXi'an Jiaotong University
- Weidong ZhangXi'an Jiaotong University
- Francine LadenBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Gary C. CurhanBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Eric B. RimmBrigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard University
- Xinbiao GuoPeking University
Abstract
Background
Studies have suggested that dietary nitrate could lower blood pressure levels whereas ambient particulate matter (PM) may increase risk of hypertension. However, it is unknown if these exposures may modify each other.
Objectives
We collected information on dietary nitrate intake and vegetables consumption and estimated long-term exposures to ambient PM for women in the Nurses' Health Study.
Methods
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for risk of hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders. Interactions were assessed with multiplicative interaction terms and stratified models.
Results
Increases in dietary nitrate intake (per 150 mg/d) and green leafy vegetables consumption (per serving/day) were both significantly associated with decreases in hypertension risk (both multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). Long-term exposure to ambient PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of hypertension of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 significantly modified the associations of dietary nitrate intake (Pinteraction = 0.02) and green leafy vegetables consumption (Pinteraction = 0.004). The associations with dietary factors were gradually weakened with increasing PM2.5: the fully-adjusted HRs for risk of hypertension were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.99) for per 150 mg/d increase in nitrate intake and per serving/d increase in green leafy vegetables consumption, respectively, in the lowest PM2.5 quartile, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.06) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.08), respectively, in the highest PM2.5 quartile.
Conclusion
Our research highlights a potentially protective effect of dietary nitrate intake in the prevention of hypertension and suggests that these benefits are attenuated by increasing exposure to ambient PM2.5.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC-ND).
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