Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Said Abasse K, Essien EE, Abbas M, Yu X, Xie W, Sun J, Akter L, Cote A
Nutrients · 54 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Riphah International University
- Grants
- Riphah International University (ORIC-21-22/FPS-51)
Based on 1 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2022-02-04 · Nutrients · vol. 14 · issue 3 · p. 666
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
- Cited
- 98 citations · more than 95% of similar papers · 3.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 83 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- Nitrite, Meta-analysis, Nitrate, Medicine, Environmental health, Dietary Nitrate, Cancer, Food science, Internal medicine, Biology, Ecology
- MeSH
- humans, glioma, nitrates, nitrites, diet, risk
8 authors
From CA, CN, PK, BD
- Kassim Said AbasseUniversité Laval
- Eno E. EssienSoutheast University
- Muhammad Abbas · correspondingRiphah International University
- Xiaojin Yu · correspondingSoutheast University
- Weihua XieSoutheast University
- Jinfang SunSoutheast University
Abstract
Background
People consume nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines, and NOCs compounds primarily through processed food. Many studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the association between cancer and dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. This study aimed to quantify these associations across the reported literature thus far.
Methods
We performed a systematic review following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A literature search was performed using Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane library, and google scholar up to January 2020. STATA version 12.0 was used to conduct meta-regression and a two-stage meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 41 articles with 13 different cancer sites were used for analysis. Of these 13 cancer types/sites, meta-regression analysis showed that bladder and stomach cancer risk was greater, and that pancreatic cancer risk was lower with increasing nitrite intakes. Kidney and bladder cancer risk were both lower with increasing nitrate intakes. When comparing highest to lowest (reference) categories of intake, meta-analysis of studies showed that high nitrate intake was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.77). When pooling all intake categories and comparing against the lowest (reference) category, higher nitrite intake was associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22). No other associations between cancer risk and dietary intakes of nitrates or nitrites were observed.
Conclusion
This study showed varied associations between site-specific cancer risks and dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite. Glioma, bladder, and stomach cancer risks were higher and pancreatic cancer risk was lower with higher nitrite intakes, and thyroid cancer risk was higher and kidney cancer risk lower with higher nitrate intakes. These data suggest type- and site-specific effects of cancer risk, including protective effects, from dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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