Incidence and prevalence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5952 injuries from over 7 million exposure hours
Maniar N, Carmichael DS, Hickey JT, Timmins RG, San Jose AJ, Dickson J, Opar D
British journal of sports medicine · 65 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2022-12-01 · Br J Sports Med · vol. 57 · issue 2 · pp. 109–116
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Cited
- 133 citations · more than 99% of similar papers · 6.0× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 102 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Sports injuries and prevention · Sports Performance and Training · Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- Hamstring, Medicine, Incidence (geometry), Football, Meta-analysis, Physical therapy, Hamstring injury, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cohort study, Cochrane Library, Poison control, Cohort, Injury prevention, Emergency medicine, Internal medicine, Psychological intervention, Nursing
- MeSH
- humans, athletic injuries, leg injuries, soft tissue injuries, prevalence, prospective studies, australia, team sports
7 authors
From AU
- Nirav Maniar · correspondingAustralian Catholic University
- Declan S. CarmichaelAustralian Catholic University
- Jack Thomas HickeyAustralian Catholic University
- Ryan Gregory TimminsAustralian Catholic University
- Argell T. San JoseAustralian Catholic University
- Jessica DicksonServices Australia; Australian Catholic University
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the incidence and prevalence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports. A secondary aim was to determine the impact of other potential effect moderators (match vs training; sport; playing surface; cohort age, mass and stature; and year when data was collected) on the incidence of hamstring injury in field-based team sports.
Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Embase, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from database inception to 5 August 2020.
Eligibility criteria
Prospective cohort studies that assessed the incidence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports.
Method
Following database search, article retrieval and title and abstract screening, articles were assessed for eligibility against predefined criteria then assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Tool for prevalence studies. Meta-analysis was used to pool data across studies, with meta-regression used where possible.
Results
Sixty-three articles were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 5952 injuries and 7 262 168 hours of exposure across six field-based team sports (soccer, rugby union, field hockey, Gaelic football, hurling and Australian football). Hamstring injury incidence was 0.81 per 1000 hours, representing 10% of all injuries. Prevalence for a 9-month period was 13%, increasing 1.13-fold for every additional month of observation (p=0.004). Hamstring injury incidence increased 6.4% for every 1 year of increased average cohort age, was 9.4-fold higher in match compared with training scenarios (p=0.003) and was 1.5-fold higher on grass compared with artificial turf surfaces (p<0.001). Hamstring injury incidence was not significantly moderated by average cohort mass (p=0.542) or stature (p=0.593), was not significantly different between sports (p=0.150) and has not significantly changed over the last 30 years (p=0.269).
Conclusion
Hamstring injury represents 10% of all injuries in field-based team sports, with 13% of the athletes experiencing a hamstring injury over a 9-month period most commonly during matches. More work is needed to reduce the incidence of hamstring injury in field-based team sports.
Prospero registration number
CRD42020200022.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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