Red meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shi W, Huang X, Schooling CM, Zhao JV
European heart journal · 131 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Health and Medical Research Fund
- Grants
- Health and Medical Research Fund (16172921)
Based on 1 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2023-05-24 · Eur Heart J · vol. 44 · issue 28 · pp. 2626–2635
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 216 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 13.7× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 116 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Meat and Animal Product Quality · Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Meta-analysis, Red meat, Consumption (sociology), MEDLINE, Intensive care medicine, Environmental health, Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, type 2, diet, risk factors, meat, female, male, stroke, red meat
4 authors
From HK, US
- Wenming ShiUniversity of Hong Kong
- Xin Yue HuangUniversity of Hong Kong
- Catherine Mary SchoolingCity University of New York
- Jie V. ZhaoUniversity of Hong Kong
Abstract
Aims
Observational studies show inconsistent associations of red meat consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Moreover, red meat consumption varies by sex and setting, however, whether the associations vary by sex and setting remains unclear.
Methods and results
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the evidence concerning the associations of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption with CVD and its subtypes [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure], type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess differences by sex and setting (western vs. eastern, categorized based on dietary pattern and geographic region). Two researchers independently screened studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by 30 June 2022. Forty-three observational studies (N = 4 462 810, 61.7% women) for CVD and 27 observational studies (N = 1 760 774, 64.4% women) for diabetes were included. Red meat consumption was positively associated with CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.16 for unprocessed red meat (per 100 g/day increment); 1.26, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.35 for processed red meat (per 50 g/day increment)], CVD subtypes, T2DM, and GDM. The associations with stroke and T2DM were higher in western settings, with no difference by sex.
Conclusion
Unprocessed and processed red meat consumption are both associated with higher risk of CVD, CVD subtypes, and diabetes, with a stronger association in western settings but no sex difference. Better understanding of the mechanisms is needed to facilitate improving cardiometabolic and planetary health.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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