Replacing red and processed meat with lean or fatty fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC): a prospective cohort study
Enget Jensen TM, Braaten T, Jacobsen BK, Ibsen DB, Skeie G
The British journal of nutrition · 8 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- University or hospital
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus
- University or hospital
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus (SDCA)
Based on 2 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2023-09-11 · Br J Nutr · vol. 131 · issue 3 · pp. 531–543
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Cited
- 14 citations · more than 92% of similar papers · 3.2× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 31 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- Norwegian, Fish <Actinopterygii>, Cohort study, Prospective cohort study, Medicine, Cancer, Cohort, Environmental health, Biology, Fishery, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- animals, humans, neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, diet, cause of death, risk factors, prospective studies, meat, female, red meat
5 authors
From NO, DK
- Torill M. Enget Jensen · correspondingUiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Tonje BraatenUiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Bjarne Koster JacobsenUiT The Arctic University of Norway
- Daniel Borch IbsenSteno Diabetes Centers; Aarhus University; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus
- Guri SkeieUiT The Arctic University of Norway
Abstract
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations recommend reducing red and processed meat and increasing fish consumption, but the impact of this replacement on mortality is understudied. This study investigated the replacement of red and processed meat with fish in relation to mortality. Of 83 304 women in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) study, 9420 died during a median of 21·0 years of follow-up. The hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with analyses stratified on red and processed meat intake due to non-linearity. Higher processed meat (> 30 g/d), red and processed meat (> 50 g/d), and fatty fish consumption were associated with higher mortality, while red meat and lean fish consumption were neutral or beneficial. Among women with higher processed meat intake (> 30 g/d), replacing 20 g/d with lean fish was associated with lower all-cause (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·96), cancer (HR 0·92, 95 % CI 0·88, 0·97) and CVD mortality (HR 0·82, 95 % CI 0·74, 0·90), while replacing with fatty fish was associated with lower CVD mortality (HR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97), but not with all-cause or cancer mortality. Replacing processed meat with fish among women with lower processed meat intake (≤ 30 g/d) or replacing red meat with fish was not associated with mortality. Replacing processed meat with lean or fatty fish may lower the risk of premature deaths in Norwegian women, but only in women with high intake of processed meat. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce processed meat intake should target high consumers.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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