Whole grain intake, diet quality and risk factors of chronic diseases: results from a population-based study in Finnish adults
Tammi R, Männistö S, Maukonen M, Kaartinen NE
European journal of nutrition · 13 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Nonprofit
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö
- Nonprofit
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Government
- Strategic Research Council
- Government
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
- Grants
- Yrjö Jahnssonin Säätiö (20227585); Strategic Research Council (327698); Strategic Research Council (352483); Juho Vainion Säätiö (202200116); Strategic Research Council (327699)
Based on 4 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2023-11-07 · Eur J Nutr · vol. 63 · issue 2 · pp. 397–408
- Publisher
- Springer Science+Business Media
- Cited
- 16 citations · more than 86% of similar papers · 2.0× the field average
- References
- 50 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Celiac Disease Research and Management · Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Keywords
- Environmental health, Medicine, Whole grains, Quality (philosophy), Population, Food science, Biology
- MeSH
- humans, chronic disease, cholesterol, diet, risk factors, dietary fiber, adult, finland, female, male, edible grain, whole grains
4 authors
From FI
- Rilla Tammi · correspondingFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare
- Satu MännistöFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare
- Mirkka MaukonenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare
- Niina E. KaartinenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare
Abstract
Objectives
Better diet quality of whole grain consumers could contribute to the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors. We examined whole grain intake in relation to diet quality and chronic disease risk factors (anthropometrics, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and glucose) and the role of diet quality in whole grains' associations with each risk factor.
Methods
Our data included 5094 Finnish adults who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire and participated in a health examination within the National FinHealth 2017 Study. We assessed diet quality by the modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. P trends were calculated across whole grain intake quintiles by linear regression analysis. Interactions were assessed by including an interaction term in the analyses.
Results
Higher whole grain intake was associated with slightly better diet quality compared with lower intakes in both sexes (P < 0.001). Whole grain intake was inversely associated with body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02) in men. Adjusting for medication use attenuated the inverse associations with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.06) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.14) in men. We observed no associations in women. Diet quality did not modify the associations between whole grain intake and chronic disease risk factors.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that whole grain intake was associated with small improvements in the chronic disease risk factors in men, regardless of diet quality. The sex differences may arise from varying health associations of whole grains from different cereal sources.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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