Emerging Health Risks of Crumb Rubber: Inhalation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals via Saliva During Artificial Turf Activities
Huang Q, Wang J, Wang J, Yu D, Zhan Y, Liu Z
Environmental science & technology · 9 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Mechanisms only
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- University or hospital
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Government
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province
- Government
- Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program
- Government
- Innovation Team Foundation of Qinghai Office of Science and Technology
- Grants
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (2022JQ-281); Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDRW-ZS-2020-3); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82001488); National Natural Science Foundation of China (42207036); National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2088)
Based on 5 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2023-12-04 · Environ Sci Technol · vol. 57 · issue 50 · pp. 21005–21015
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Cited
- 16 citations · more than 67% of similar papers · 0.9× the field average
- References
- 68 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Keywords
- Saliva, Human health, Inhalation exposure, Environmental chemistry, Crumb rubber, Radical, Chemistry, Natural rubber, Environmental health, Medicine, Biochemistry, Toxicity
- MeSH
- saliva, humans, free radicals, rubber, environmental exposure
6 authors
From CN
- Qian’en HuangChinese Academy of Sciences; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes; Zhejiang University
- Jianqun WangChinese Academy of Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Jianping WangChinese Academy of Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Dongmei YuChinese Academy of Sciences; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Yuanbo Zhan · correspondingHarbin Medical University; Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Ze Liu · correspondingChinese Academy of Sciences; Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
Abstract
Crumb rubber (CR) is a commonly used infill material in artificial turf worldwide. However, the potential health risk associated with exposure to CR containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) remains under investigation. Herein, we observed the widespread presence of CR particles in the range of 2.8-51.4 μg/m3 and EPFRs exceeding 6 × 1015 spins/g in the ambient air surrounding artificial turf fields. Notably, the abundance of these particles tended to increase with the number of operating years of the playing fields. Furthermore, by analyzing saliva samples from 200 participants, we established for the first time that EPFR-carrying CR could be found in saliva specimens, suggesting the potential for inhaling them through the oral cavity and their exposure to the human body. After 40 min of exercise on the turf, we detected a substantial presence of EPFRs, reaching as high as (1.15 ± 1.00) × 1016 spins of EPFR per 10 mL of saliva. Moreover, the presence of EPFRs considerably increased the oxidative potential of CR, leading to the inactivation of Ca2+, redox reactions, and changes in spatial binding of the α-1,4-chain of salivary amylase to Ca2+, all of which could influence human saliva health. Our study provides insights into a new pathway of human exposure to CR with EPFRs in artificial turf infill, indicating an increased human health risk of CR exposure.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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