Almond supplementation on appetite measures, body weight, and body composition in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials
Chahibakhsh N, Rafieipour N, Rahimi H, RajabiNezhad S, Momeni SA, Motamedi A, Malekzadeh J, Islam MS, Mohammadi-Sartang M
Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 6 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2024-02-13 · Obes Rev · vol. 25 · issue 5 · p. e13711
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 7 citations · more than 62% of similar papers · 0.7× the field average
- References
- 89 works
- Access
- Paywalled
- Research areas
- Nuts composition and effects · Bee Products Chemical Analysis · Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Medicine, Appetite, Body mass index, Confidence interval, Randomized controlled trial, Waist, Obesity, Meta-analysis, Internal medicine, Body fat percentage, Body adiposity index, Fat mass, Endocrinology, Classification of obesity
- MeSH
- humans, obesity, body weight, body mass index, appetite, body composition, dietary supplements, randomized controlled trials as topic, waist circumference, prunus dulcis
9 authors
From IR, ZA
- Negar ChahibakhshIslamic Azad University Kazeron
- Nastaran RafieipourIslamic Azad University Rasht Branch
- Homan RahimiShiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Sepideh RajabiNezhadTehran University of Medical Sciences
- Seyed Aref MomeniSemnan University
- Amir MotamediShiraz University of Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background and objective
Almond consumption has an inverse relationship with obesity and factors related to metabolic syndrome. However, the results of available clinical trials are inconsistent. Therefore, we analyzed the results of 37 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluated the association of almond consumption with subjective appetite scores and body compositions.
Methods
Net changes in bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percent, fat-free mass (FFM), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subjective appetite scores were used to calculate the effect size, which was reported as a weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
This meta-analysis was performed on 37 RCTs with 43 treatment arms. The certainty in the evidence was very low for appetite indices, body fat percent, FFM, VAT, and WHR, and moderate for other parameters as assessed by the GRADE evidence profiles. Pooled effect sizes indicated a significant reducing effect of almond consumption on body weight (WMD: -0.45 kg, 95% CI: -0.85, -0.05, p = 0.026), WC (WMD: -0.66 cm, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.04, p = 0.037), FM (WMD: -0.66 kg, 95% CI: -1.16, -0.17, p = 0.009), and hunger score (WMD: -1.15 mm, 95% CI: -1.98, -0.32, p = 0.006) compared with the control group. However, almond did not have a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.20 kg m-2, 95% CI: -0.46, 0.05, p = 0.122), body fat percent (WMD: -0.39%, 95% CI: -0.93, 0.14, p = 0.154), FFM (WMD: -0.06, 95% CI: -0.47, 0.34, p = 0.748), WHR (WMD: -0.04, 95% CI: -0.12, 0.02, p = 0.203), VAT (WMD: -0.33 cm, 95% CI: -0.99, 0.32), fullness (WMD: 0.46 mm, 95% CI: -0.95, 1.88), desire to eat (WMD: 0.98 mm, 95% CI: -4.13, 2.23), and prospective food consumption (WMD: 1.08 mm, 95% CI: -2.11, 4.28). Subgroup analyses indicated that consumption of ≥50 g almonds per day resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in bodyweight, WC, FM, and hunger score. Body weight, WC, FM, body fat percent, and hunger scores were decreased significantly in the trials that lasted for ≥12 weeks and in the subjects with a BMI 2. Furthermore, a significant reduction in body weight and WC was observed in those trials that used a nut-free diet as a control group, but not in those using snacks and other nuts. The results of our analysis suggest that almond consumption may significantly improve body composition indices and hunger scores when consumed at a dose of ≥50 g/day for ≥12 weeks by individuals with a BMI 2.
Conclusion
However, further well-constructed randomized clinical trials are needed in order ascertain the outcome of our analysis.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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