Sauna bathing and mortality risk: unraveling the interaction with systolic blood pressure in a cohort of Finnish men
Kunutsor SK, Jae SY, Kurl S, Laukkanen JA
Scandinavian cardiovascular journal : SCJ · 3 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- National Institute on Handicapped Research
- Nonprofit
- Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- University or hospital
- Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
- Government
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Government
- Department of Health and Social Care
- Nonprofit
- Sydäntutkimussäätiö
- Government
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands
- Nonprofit
- Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Helsinki, Finland
- University or hospital
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
- Government
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Based on 10 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2024-02-27 · Scand Cardiovasc J · vol. 58 · issue 1 · p. 2302159
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Cited
- 5 citations · more than 76% of similar papers · 1.1× the field average
- References
- 54 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- Medicine, Hazard ratio, Blood pressure, Proportional hazards model, Confidence interval, Bathing, Cohort study, Internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Cohort, Cardiology, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, steam bath, risk factors, cohort studies, prospective studies, blood pressure, finland, male
4 authors
From GB, KR, FI
- Setor K. Kunutsor · correspondingUniversity of Leicester; Leicester General Hospital
- Sae Young JaeUniversity of Seoul
- Sudhir KurlUniversity of Eastern Finland
- Jari A. LaukkanenUniversity of Eastern Finland; Central Finland Health Care District
Abstract
Objectives: This cohort study aimed to investigate the potential interplay between systolic blood pressure (SBP), frequency of sauna bathing (FSB), and all-cause mortality risk among Caucasian men. Design: A prospective study was conducted, involving 2575 men aged 42 to 61 years. Baseline assessments included resting blood pressure measurements and self-reported sauna bathing habits. SBP levels were categorized as normal (Results: Over a median follow-up of 27.8 years, 1,618 deaths were recorded. In the adjusted analysis, individuals with high SBP versus low SBP showed a 29% increased all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16-1.43). Similarly, those with low FSB versus high FSB exhibited a 16% elevated mortality risk (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31). When considering combined effects, participants with high SBP-low FSB had a 47% higher mortality risk (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.24-1.74) compared to those with normal SBP-high FSB. However, no significant association was observed between individuals with high SBP-high FSB and mortality risk (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.98-1.57). There were potential additive and multiplicative interactions between SBP and sauna bathing concerning mortality risk. Conclusions: This study reveals a potential interplay between SBP, sauna bathing, and mortality risk in Finnish men. Frequent sauna bathing may mitigate the increased mortality risk associated with elevated SBP.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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