Fiber and whole grain intakes in relation to liver cancer risk: An analysis in 2 prospective cohorts and systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Watling CZ, Wojt A, Florio AA, Butera G, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Huang WY, Parisi D, Zhang X, Graubard BI, Graubard BI, Petrick JL, McGlynn KA
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 17 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Government
- National Institutes of Health
- Government
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Government
- National Cancer Institute
- Government
- Intramural NIH HHS
- Grants
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (187861); National Institutes of Health (ZIA CP010158)
Based on 5 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2024-03-05 · Hepatology · vol. 80 · issue 3 · pp. 552–565
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Cited
- 20 citations · more than 89% of similar papers · 2.1× the field average
- References
- 61 works
- Access
- Open access (repository copy)
- Research areas
- Food composition and properties · Nutritional Studies and Diet · Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- Meta-analysis, Prospective cohort study, Medicine, Whole grains, Internal medicine, Oncology, Biology, Food science
- MeSH
- humans, liver neoplasms, risk factors, prospective studies, dietary fiber, aged, middle aged, female, male, whole grains
12 authors
From US
- Cody Z. WatlingNational Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- Aika WojtNational Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- Andrea A. FlorioHarvard University; National Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- Gisela ButeraNational Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- Demetrius AlbanesNational Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
- Stephanie J. WeinsteinNational Cancer Institute; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
Abstract
Background and aims
The association between fiber or whole grain intakes and the risk of liver cancer remains unclear. We assessed the associations between fiber or whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk among 2 prospective studies, and systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed these results with published prospective studies.
Approach and results
A total of 111,396 participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) and 26,085 men from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study were included. Intakes of total fiber and whole grains were estimated from validated food frequency questionnaires. Study-specific HRs and 95% CI with liver cancer risk were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression. We systematically reviewed existing literature, and studies were combined in a dose-response meta-analysis. A total of 277 (median follow-up = 15.6 y) and 165 (median follow-up = 16.0 y) cases of liver cancer were observed in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, respectively. Dietary fiber was inversely associated with liver cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (HR 10g/day : 0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). No significant associations were observed between whole grain intakes and liver cancer risk in either study. Our meta-analysis included 2383 incident liver cancer cases (7 prospective cohorts) for fiber intake and 1523 cases (5 prospective cohorts) for whole grain intake; combined HRs for liver cancer risk were 0.83 (0.76-0.91) per 10 g/day of fiber and 0.92 (0.85-0.99) per 16 g/day (1 serving) of whole grains.
Conclusions
Dietary fiber and whole grains were inversely associated with liver cancer risk. Further research exploring potential mechanisms and different fiber types is needed.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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