Funded in part by Danone, Instituto Danone
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children
Khoury N, Martínez MÁ, Garcidueñas-Fimbres TE, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Leis R, de Las Heras-Delgado S, Miguel-Berges ML, Navas-Carretero S, Portoles O, Pérez-Vega KA, Jurado-Castro JM, Vázquez-Cobela R, Mimbrero G, Andía Horno R, Martínez JA, Flores-Rojas K, Picáns-Leis R, Luque V, Moreno LA, Castro-Collado C, Gil-Campos M, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N
JAMA network open · 46 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Cohort study (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food frequency questionnaire
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Industry funded
- Company
- Danone
- Company
- Instituto Danone
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2024-05-17 · JAMA Netw Open · vol. 7 · issue 5 · p. e2411852
- Publisher
- American Medical Association
- Cited
- 51 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 19.4× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 73 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet · Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- Medicine, Body mass index, Overweight, Waist, Obesity, Demography, Childhood obesity, Blood pressure, Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome, Environmental health, Gerontology, Pediatrics, Internal medicine
- MeSH
- humans, cardiovascular diseases, body mass index, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, food handling, child, child, preschool, spain, female, male, adiposity, fast foods, pediatric obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors
23 authors
From ES
- Nadine KhouryInstituto de Salud Carlos III; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- María Ángeles MartínezInstituto de Salud Carlos III; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Tany E. Garcidueñas-FimbresInstituto de Salud Carlos III; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Belén Pastor‐VillaescusaInstituto de Salud Carlos III; University of Córdoba
- Rosaura LeisUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red
- Sara De las Heras-DelgadoInstituto de Salud Carlos III; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Universitat Rovira i Virgili
Abstract
Importance
High intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been associated with higher cardiometabolic risk in adults; however, the evidence in children is limited.
Objective
To investigate the association between UPF consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS).
Design, setting, and participants
This baseline cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the data of CORALS participants recruited between March 22, 2019, and June 30, 2022. Preschool children (aged 3-6 years) were recruited from schools and centers in 7 cities in Spain. Inclusion criteria included informed consent signed by parents or caregivers and having a completed a set of questionnaires about the child's prenatal history at home. Exclusion criteria included low command of Spanish or unstable residence.
Exposure
Energy-adjusted UPF consumption (in grams per day) from food frequency questionnaires and based on the NOVA food classification system.
Main outcomes and measures
Age- and sex-specific z scores of adiposity parameters (body mass index [BMI], fat mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and waist circumference) and cardiometabolic parameters (diastolic and systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) were estimated using linear regression models.
Results
Of 1509 enrolled CORALS participants, 1426 (mean [SD] age, 5.8 [1.1] years; 698 boys [49.0%]) were included in this study. Mothers of children with high UPF consumption were younger, had a higher BMI, were more likely to have overweight or obesity, and had lower education levels and employment rates. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of energy-adjusted UPF consumption, those in the highest tertile showed higher z scores of BMI (β coefficient, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.35), waist circumference (β coefficient, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05-0.35), fat mass index (β coefficient, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.00-0.32), and fasting plasma glucose (β coefficient, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.37) and lower z scores for HDL cholesterol (β coefficient, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.02). One-SD increments in energy-adjusted UPF consumption were associated with higher z scores for BMI (β coefficient, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.17), waist circumference (β coefficient, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.15), fat mass index (β coefficient, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-1.18), and fasting plasma glucose (β coefficient, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.17) and lower HDL cholesterol (β coefficient, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.00). Substituting 100 g of UPFs with 100 g of unprocessed or minimally processed foods was associated with lower z scores of BMI (β coefficient, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.06 to -0.01), fat mass index (β coefficient, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.06 to 0.00), and fasting plasma glucose (β coefficient, -0.04; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.01).
Conclusions and relevance
These findings suggest that high UPF consumption in young children is associated with adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, highlighting the need for public health initiatives to promote the replacement of UPFs with unprocessed or minimally processed foods.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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