The Clinical Impact of Time-restricted Eating on Cancer: A Systematic Review
Stringer EJ, Cloke RWG, Van der Meer L, Murphy RA, Macpherson NA, Lum JJ
Nutrition reviews · 7 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Systematic review (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Nonprofit
- Lotte and John Hecht Memorial Foundation
- Government
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- Nonprofit
- Terry Fox Research Institute
- Nonprofit
- BC Cancer Foundation
- Government
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Government
- CIHR
- Nonprofit
- Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation
- Nonprofit
- Michael Smith Health Research
- Nonprofit
- Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation
- Nonprofit
- Terry Fox Research Institute New Frontiers Program
- Grants
- Michael Smith Health Research BC (# HPI-2021–2353); Michael Smith Health Research BC (#17644); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (162279_1)
Based on 10 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2024-07-12 · Nutr Rev · vol. 83 · issue 7 · pp. e1660–e1676
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Cited
- 12 citations · more than 74% of similar papers · 1.0× the field average
- References
- 76 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Dietary Effects on Health · Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms · Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- Medicine, CINAHL, Context (archaeology), Clinical trial, MEDLINE, Cancer, Internal medicine, Meta-analysis, Population, Data extraction, Scopus, Oncology, Psychological intervention, Environmental health, Biology, Psychiatry
- MeSH
- humans, neoplasms, fasting, time factors, gastrointestinal microbiome
6 authors
From CA
- Eleah J Stringer · correspondingBC Cancer Agency; University of British Columbia
- Rob W G ClokeBC Cancer Agency; University of British Columbia
- Lindsay Van der MeerBC Cancer Agency; University of British Columbia
- Rachel A. MurphyUniversity of British Columbia; Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control
- Nicol A. MacphersonUniversity of British Columbia
- Julian J. LumUniversity of Victoria
Abstract
Context
In the face of the growing global burden of cancer, there is increasing interest in dietary interventions to mitigate its impacts. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that time-restricted eating (TRE), a type of intermittent fasting, induces metabolic effects and alterations in the gut microbiome that may impede carcinogenesis. Research on TRE in cancer has progressed to human studies, but the evidence has yet to be synthesized.
Objective
The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical and/or metabolomic effects of TRE compared with ad libitum eating or alternative diets in people with cancer.
Data sources
Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core Collection (ESCI, CPCI-SSH, CPCI-S), and SCOPUS were searched up to January 4, 2023, using the core concepts of "intermittent fasting" and "cancer." Original study designs, protocols, and clinical trial registries were included.
Data extraction
After evaluating 13 900 results, 24 entries were included, consisting of 8 full articles, 2 abstracts, 1 published protocol and 13 trial registries. All data were extracted, compared, and critically analyzed.
Data analysis
There was heterogeneity in the patient population (eg, in tumor sites), TRE regimens (eg, degree of restriction, duration), and clinical end points. A high rate (67-98%) of TRE adherence was observed, alongside improvements in quality of life. Four articles assessed cancer markers and found a reduction in tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen, reduced rates of recurrence, and a sustained major molecular response, following TRE. Five articles demonstrated modified cancer risk factors, including beneficial effects on body mass index, adiposity, glucoregulation, and inflammation in as short a period as 8 weeks. None of the completed studies assessed the effect of TRE on the microbiome, but analysis of the microbiome is a planned outcome in 2 clinical trials.
Conclusions
Preliminary findings suggest that TRE is feasible and acceptable by people with cancer, may have oncological benefits, and improves quality of life.
Registration
PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023386885.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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