Ultra-processed foods cause weight gain and increased energy intake associated with reduced chewing frequency: A randomized, open-label, crossover study
Hamano S, Sawada M, Aihara M, Sakurai Y, Sekine R, Usami S, Kubota N, Yamauchi T
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 93 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
- Intake measured by
- Food provided by researchers
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Government
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Grants
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K02500); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24H02729); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (B) (21H02976); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K08620)
Based on 2 listed funder(s).
Publication
- Published
- 2024-09-12 · Diabetes Obes Metab · vol. 26 · issue 11 · pp. 5431–5443
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 106 citations · more than 100% of similar papers · 40.5× the field average
- Impact
- Top 10% most cited in its field
- References
- 54 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY-NC
- Research areas
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease · Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- Medicine, Crossover study, Open label, Weight gain, Crossover, Randomized controlled trial, Food science, Internal medicine, Body weight
- MeSH
- humans, obesity, weight gain, cross-over studies, energy intake, mastication, food handling, adult, middle aged, male, overweight, fast foods, food, processed
8 authors
From JP
- Shoko HamanoThe University of Tokyo
- Mika SawadaUniversity of Tokyo Hospital
- Masakazu AiharaThe University of Tokyo
- Yoshitaka SakuraiThe University of Tokyo
- Rie SekineUniversity of Tokyo Hospital
- Satoshi UsamiJapan Graduate School of Education University; The University of Tokyo
Abstract
Aim
To elucidate the effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on body weight and ad libitum energy intake compared with non-UPFs.
Materials and methods
In this randomized, open-label crossover study conducted at the University of Tokyo Hospital, overweight/obese Japanese male participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to start the study with consumption of either UPFs or non-UPFs for 1 week, followed by a 2-week washout period, before crossing over to the alternate food diet for 1 week. Individuals with diabetes, hypertension or any other medical conditions who visited a hospital regularly were excluded. The meals were designed to be matched for the total energy and macronutrient levels. The primary outcome was the difference in the body weight change between the UPF and non-UPF periods. The differences in the average daily energy intake and chewing frequency were assessed as one of the prespecified secondary outcomes.
Results
Nine eligible participants were randomly assigned to start the study with either UPFs or non-UPFs. All participants completed the study. During the UPF period, participants gained 1.1 kg more weight (95% confidence interval 0.2 to 2.0; P = .021) and consumed 813.5 kcal more per day (342.4 to 1284.7; P = .0041) compared with during the non-UPF period. Regarding the chewing frequency, the number of chews per calorie was significantly lower during the UPF period (P = .016).
Conclusions
Consumption of UPFs causes significant weight gain. Medical nutritional therapy focused on reducing the consumption of UPFs could be an effective strategy for preventing obesity.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY-NC).
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