L-shaped nonlinear relationship between magnesium intake from diet and supplements and the risk of diabetic nephropathy: a cross-sectional study
Du J, Zhu X, Li Z, Sun Q, Sun M, Guan H, Xu J
Frontiers in nutrition · 1 citation
How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
- Government
- People's Government of Jilin Province
Based on 1 listed funder(s) and full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2025-07-11 · Front Nutr · vol. 12 · p. 1601338
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media
- Cited
- 1 citation · more than 64% of similar papers · 0.5× the field average
- References
- 37 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Magnesium in Health and Disease · Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments · Potassium and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- Quartile, Medicine, Confounding, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Magnesium, Logistic regression, Internal medicine, Analysis of variance, Linear regression, Endocrinology, Mathematics, Statistics, Confidence interval, Chemistry, Environmental health, Population
7 authors
From CN
- Du JiaJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
- Xuetong ZhuJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
- Ze LiJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
- Qi SunJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
- Miao SunJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
- Heyuan GuanJilin University; First Hospital of Jilin University
Abstract
Background and objectives
Given the ongoing controversy regarding the relationship between magnesium and diabetic nephropathy (DN), this study systematically evaluate the association between total magnesium intake from both dietary and supplemental sources and the risk of DN, and further explore its potential nonlinear dose-response pattern and threshold effect.
Methods
Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. A multi-step analytical strategy was adopted: (1) confounders were selected using variance inflation factor and Boruta feature selection algorithm; (2) weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between magnesium intake and DN; (3) restricted cubic splines (RCS), generalized additive models (GAM), and curve fitting were used to evaluate nonlinear dose-response trends; (4) piecewise regression identified potential thresholds; (5) subgroup analyses examined interactions across age, gender, BMI, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.
Results
A total of 3,355 participants were included (DN group: n = 1,295; non-DN group: n = 2,060). The magnesium intake among DN patients was significantly lower than that of non-DN patients [300 ± 171 mg/day vs. 329 ± 161 mg/day, p p p = 0.003), which was further supported by GAM results. Piecewise regression analysis identified a turning point at 345.00 mg/day. Below this value, higher magnesium intake was significantly associated with lower DN risk; above this threshold, the protective effect plateaued. No significant interactions were found in the subgroup analyses.
Conclusion
Total magnesium intake was inversely associated with DN risk, with a threshold identified at 345.00 mg/day. Below this level, increases in magnesium intake were significantly associated with reduced DN risk, whereas above this level, additional magnesium intake was not significantly associated with further reductions in DN risk. These findings provide new epidemiological evidence to inform magnesium intake recommendations and DN prevention strategies.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
Community trust
Loading…
How much do you trust this study's findings?
Comments
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inSomething wrong here?
Flag this study if its information, labels or funding look wrong. An editor reviews every flag.
Sign in to rate, comment on or flag this study.Sign inEducational information about published research. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to start or stop anything.