Burden of Breast Cancer Attributable to a Diet High in Red Meat at Global, Regional, and National Levels: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Zhou F, Tang J, Yang R, Zeng P, Cao J
Archives of Iranian medicine · 2 citations
Review labels
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How it was studied
- Design
- Cross-sectional study (classified by our AI screen)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
- Intake measured by
- Not stated
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2025-05-01 · Arch Iran Med · vol. 28 · issue 5 · pp. 275–285
- Publisher
- Academy of Medical Sciences, I.R. Iran
- Cited
- 2 citations · more than 84% of similar papers · 1.8× the field average
- References
- 0 works
- Access
- Open access (hybrid journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Nutritional Studies and Diet · Cancer Risks and Factors · Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- Burden of disease, Breast cancer, Disease, Environmental health, Medicine, Red meat, Cancer, Disease burden, Internal medicine, Pathology
- MeSH
- humans, breast neoplasms, diet, risk factors, adult, aged, middle aged, female, global health, red meat, global burden of disease, disability-adjusted life years
5 authors
From CN
- Fang ZhouHunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
- Jincheng TangHunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
- Renyi YangHunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
- Puhua Zeng · correspondingHunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Jianxiong Cao · correspondingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Abstract
Background
Dietary factors are a key risk for breast cancer. This study examines the global burden of breast cancer attributed to a high red meat diet from 1990 to 2021.
Methods
Using Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were analyzed globally, regionally, and nationally. Trends were assessed through estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized mortality (ASMR) and DALY (ASDR) rates. A decomposition analysis quantified the contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological changes. The relationship between sociodemographic index (SDI) and burden was examined using Spearman rank test. Health inequalities were assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality for absolute inequality and the Concentration Index for relative inequality.
Results
By 2021, breast cancer deaths and DALYs linked to high red meat intake had increased significantly compared to 1990, despite a decline in ASMR [EAPC: -0.77 (95% CI -0.82 to -0.72)] and ASDR [EAPC: -0.65 (95% CI -0.70 to -0.60)]. These trends were driven by population growth and aging, with regional variability in the pace of demographic transitions. North Africa and the Middle East experienced the largest rise in ASMR [EAPC: 2.03 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.26)], while Pacific Island nations had the highest ASMR and ASDR. High-SDI regions had the highest ASMR [1.14 per 100000 (95% UI -0.01‒2.43)] and ASDR [33.07 per 100000 (95% UI -0.02‒69.90)], with a positive SDI-burden correlation in low- and middle-SDI regions (PP<0.05). From 1990 to 2021, absolute inequality [35.79 (95% CI 29.13‒42.46) vs. 4.99 (95% CI -1.59-11.56)] and relative inequality [0.18 (95% CI 0.16‒0.21) vs. 0.02 (95% CI -0.01‒0.05)] decreased.
Conclusion
Although ASMR and ASDR have declined, the absolute burden of breast cancer due to high red meat intake remains significant, particularly in aging and rapidly urbanizing populations. Policy interventions should include taxation on red meat, restrictions on processed meat, and public health campaigns promoting dietary modifications. Targeted screening programs in high-risk regions, especially for middle-aged and elderly populations, are critical for mitigating the future disease burden.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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