Caffeine and IBD Risk: A Meta-Analysis
Wu X, Jiang J, Lu Q
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 0 citations
Review labels
Neutral facts our review recorded about how this study was done. They describe method, never whether we like the result.
How it was studied
- Design
- Meta-analysis (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Clinical events such as disease or death
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Funding not disclosed
Publication
- Published
- 2025-11-30 · J Gastroenterol Hepatol · vol. 41 · issue 2 · pp. 401–412
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Cited
- 0 citations · more than 31% of similar papers · 0.0× the field average
- References
- 63 works
- Access
- Free to read
- Research areas
- Coffee research and impacts · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet · Tea Polyphenols and Effects
- Keywords
- Caffeine, Risk assessment, Risk factor, Disease
- MeSH
- humans, colitis, ulcerative, inflammatory bowel diseases, crohn disease, caffeine, risk factors, case-control studies, coffee, female, male
3 authors
From CN
- Xiangyuan WuFirst People’s Hospital of Jingmen; Jingchu University of Technology
- Jinqin JiangFirst People’s Hospital of Jingmen; Jingchu University of Technology
- Qin Lu · correspondingFirst People’s Hospital of Jingmen; Jingchu University of Technology
Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic intestinal diseases possibly linked to genetic, environmental, and dietary factors. Recently, studies on caffeine intake and IBD risk have increased, but results remain controversial.
Objective
To explore the relationship between caffeine intake and IBD risk through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
This study searched multiple databases for prospective, cross-sectional and case-control studies examining caffeine intake and IBD risk, including CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, JBI, and WOS, from database inception to May 21, 2024. Two researchers independently extracted literature data and evaluated quality using Stata 16.0 software for meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 21 studies with 13 209 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed no significant association between caffeine intake and IBD (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68-1.04). In Americans, caffeine increased UC risk by 68% (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.17-2.42). Age analysis showed caffeine increased IBD risk by 4.52 times in those ≤18 (RR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.59-12.88) but decreased risk by 7% in those >18 (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.73-1.18). Coffee reduced UC risk by 57% (RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.29-0.65), tea by 46% (RR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31-0.92). Caffeine increased CD risk by 80% in smokers (RR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.25-2.60).
Conclusion
The relationship between caffeine intake and IBD risk varies by region, age, caffeine source, smoking, and education level. In Asia and Europe, coffee and tea reduce UC risk, whereas in America and among adolescents, caffeine may increase UC risk. Smoking and education level also significantly influence this relationship, suggesting various factors must be considered to assess caffeine's impact on IBD risk accurately.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher.
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