Parasocial interaction and mental health outcomes among female viewers of douyin girl-group live broadcasts: A systematic literature review

Parasocial interaction plays a significant role in live-streaming, yet research on female audiences, particularly on platforms like Douyin, remains fragmented. This systematic review consolidates quantitative studies (2018-2025) to examine the connections between parasocial interaction and mental health outcomes in female viewers of girl-group livestreams. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, 22 studies were analyzed. The findings reveal a consistent correlation between parasocial interaction and mental health impacts. Stronger emotional bonds were often associated with higher levels of psychological distress, particularly when combined with compulsive viewing behaviors. Perceived social support emerged as a moderating factor, sometimes alleviating distress but at other times amplifying susceptibility. Gender-specific trends suggest that female fans are more likely to form deep emotional connections through parasocial ties, which can lead to both heightened risks and notable benefits. In conclusion, parasocial interaction within live-streaming substantially affects the mental health of female viewers. This underscores the importance of theory-driven platform designs, effective content moderation, and longitudinal studies to better understand and manage these long-term psychological implications.