The effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Al-Maqbali JS, Al Alawi AM, Osman A, Al-Farqani A, Kumar S, Al Futisi A, Al-Mamari A, Al-Zakwani I, Al Za'abi M
Frontiers in endocrinology · 0 citations
How it was studied
- Design
- Randomized controlled trial (indexed by PubMed)
- Studied in
- People
- Main outcome
- Health markers and function
Who paid for it
- Funding
- Independent funding
Based on full-text disclosure statement.
Publication
- Published
- 2026-07-16 · Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · vol. 17 · p. 1883483
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media
- Cited
- 0 citations · more than 60% of similar papers · 0.0× the field average
- References
- 53 works
- Access
- Open access (journal) · CC-BY
- Research areas
- Magnesium in Health and Disease · Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments · Potassium and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- Glycated hemoglobin, Hypomagnesemia, Randomized controlled trial, Glycemic, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Placebo, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Adverse effect
- MeSH
- humans, diabetes mellitus, type 2, magnesium, magnesium oxide, blood glucose, administration, oral, prospective studies, double-blind method, dietary supplements, aged, middle aged, female, male, biomarkers, glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin
9 authors
From OM
- Juhaina Salim Al-MaqbaliSultan Qaboos Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University
- Abdullah M. Al AlawiSultan Qaboos Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
- Alaa OsmanSultan Qaboos Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
- Ahmed Al-FarqaniSultan Qaboos Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
- Suneel KumarSultan Qaboos Hospital; Sultan Qaboos University Hospital
- Abdullah Al FutisiSultan Qaboos University
Abstract
Background
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial with intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Adults (≥18 years) with T2DM were randomized 1:1 to receive magnesium oxide (500 mg; 302 mg elemental) or placebo. Eligibility criteria included a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥7.0% and a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min. Simple randomization was performed using a sealed-envelope method. Biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and at three follow-up visits over 12 months.
Results
A total of 247 participants were included in the ITT analysis (Mg-oxide, n=118; placebo, n=129). Median age was 58 (50-65) years, and median diabetes duration was 16 (10-22) years. Hypomagnesemia was present in 7.3% by ionized magnesium (iMg) and 8.1% by total magnesium (tMg). Mg-oxide supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose in a subgroup of the cohort (FBG; p = 0.039) and resulted in a modest, non-significant reduction in HbA1c (-0.30% vs. -0.05%; p = 0.145), with a higher proportion achieving goal attainment/controlled HbA1c (p = 0.043). HbA1c reductions were more pronounced among participants with baseline hypomagnesemia (-0.60% vs. +0.25%; p = 0.074), or diabetes duration ≤15 years (-0.40% vs. 0.00%; p = 0.085). No differences were observed in other metabolic parameters, clinical outcomes or adverse drug reactions between groups.
Conclusions
Although median HbA1c reduction did not reach statistical significance, Mg-oxide supplementation improved Mg status and showed favorable trends in glycemic control without compromising safety. These findings support Mg supplementation as a safe adjunct to long-term T2DM management, particularly among selected subgroups, given the study's limitations.
Clinical ttrial registration
https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCTO5774015.
Abstract via Europe PMC. Copyright remains with the authors or publisher (CC BY).
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