Magnesium

Essential in the diet, widely supplemented, thinly trialled.

Promising but early

Magnesium is an essential mineral and real deficiency causes real problems. The supplementation trials for sleep, anxiety and blood pressure are mostly small, short and inconsistent; the blood-pressure effect is the best supported of them and is modest. Different salts — oxide, citrate, glycinate — differ substantially in how much is absorbed.

Reviewed 2026-09-20

The papers

320 papers · 60 reviews or meta-analyses · 319 in humans · 2014–2026

Official sources

NIH ODS — Magnesium fact sheetOpen ↗Browse the literature on PubMedOpen ↗

Reviewed ingredient

This topic is also a reviewed ingredient, with dose context and claim-level evidence.

Open the magnesium ingredient page›

How this list was built

We searched Europe PMC for English-language papers published since 2014 whose title contains “magnesium supplementation” or “magnesium intake” or “oral magnesium”, kept meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomised trials, then ranked them by study design first, then recency and citations. Retracted papers are removed.

Open a paper to read its abstract and ask for an AI brief of what it found.

Educational information about published research. Not medical advice, and not a recommendation to start or stop anything.